What Is the Mobile Phone App Wei Xin

The company that brought Chinese Internet users QQ, the most popular instant messaging option in China, launched Wei Xin, a mobile phone app in late 2011 that millions of Chinese have downloaded. What Is Wei Xin? Wei Xin (Ã¥ ¾ ®Ã¤ ¿ ¡) is a free instant voice messaging app that is based on other instant messaging apps like Talkbox, MiTalk (ç ± ³Ã¨ Å ), an instant messaging in which doodles can be sent, and Kiki Messenger. With Wei Xin, users can speak into their phones and send voice messages instantly to friends. There’s no need to type text messages with this app, though senders and receivers can send and receive text messages. Like WhatsApp, Wei Xin allows users to send and receive instant messages for free --  no matter what countries the users and receivers are in -- all that’s needed is an iTouch, iPad, iPhone or Android phone with iOS 3.0 or later with Internet access. Wei Xin comes in Mandarin Chinese (traditional and simplified characters) and English versions. What Can You Do? Users can send and receive text messages, instant voice messages, photos, and group messages and share locations. Users can also use a GPS function to see other users who are within a 1,000-meter radius of their GPS phones. This feature is automatically activated upon download, but users can opt-out by adjusting their settings. Users can also use QR codes on Facebook or Weibo to find friends who have Wei Xin or have others find them. Users can also adjust their settings to allow Wei Xin to automatically update their contacts when their friends download Wei Xin. The Message in a Bottle feature has a screen with an ocean and a bunch of glass bottles with messages inside. The messages are written by users across the entire Wei Xin network. Users can pick a bottle, read the message, and, if he or she wants to comment on it, send a message to the user who posed the question. If a user has a question or wants to start a conversation about a particular topic with other users, he or she can make his or her own message. After composing the message, he or she then puts the message in a bottle, tosses it into the ocean, and waits for other users to answer it. Users can also use emoticons, Emoji and custom emoticons, set up their own customized background images when using Wei Xin, and multitask with random activities like playing Rock, Paper, Scissors while chatting. Other Benefits Aside from being free, Wei Xin gives users the option to go hands-free and send and receive instant voice messages. Users can set their phones to automatically play the voice messages as they are received, so there’s no need to pick up the phone each time a message is sent. Wei Xin also works with QQ’s 700 million registered users, so using functions like Message in a Bottle and the GPS feature ensures a better user experience.

The Yellow Wallpaper, By Susan Glaspell - 968 Words

During the early nineteenth century women had less of a voice when it came to making decisions all the decision making were usually left to the men especially in relationships. The short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell are two pieces of fictional literature that exhibit the roles of women in a marriage during the period. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the reader reads about a woman who has been in a room for the summer to cure her sickness of nervous depression by her husband who is a physician. The play â€Å"trifles† takes place in a farmhouse where the police are investigating the murder of Mr. Wright whose body was discovered when a friend comes over to visit only to find Mrs. Wright weaving while the husband is hung in their room upstairs. The two pieces of fictional literature give insight to what were the expected roles of women in marriage, how marriage was some sort of prison that limits the women, and how the women broke away from that atmosphere they were in. The women in the early 1900’s were the expected to be the â€Å"housekeepers† in the marriage. In the play â€Å"Trifles† Mrs. Wright gets criticized in the play for the disarray the house is in when the investigators show up to investigate the murder while the women come to the defense of Mrs. Wright giving reason why the house is not up to the â€Å"expectation† of the men. This instance tells the reader that the women in the early 1900’s were expected toShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Susan Glaspell, And A P Essay2143 Words   |  9 Pagesevidenced in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, and â€Å"AP† by John Updike; they all illuminates on the submissiveness, the obedience of women to a man s authority that was considered unexceptional at the onset of the twentieth century because the themes of the inscrutability of women, domesticity, patriarchal dominance and female identity are present in all these works. Among the three works under scrutiny in the paper herein, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is arguablyRead More`` Yellow Wallpaper `` And Susan Glaspell s Trifles1130 Words   |  5 Pagesdefine us. For some, culture provides inspiration; for others, though, it causes suffocation. Those of us who don’t get what we need from our environment fail to thrive. For some, like the main characters in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† and Susan Glaspell’s Trifles, culture becomes a trap. Both women are caught in joyless marriages to insensitive, sometime domineering husbands. These unhappy souls both suffer emotional problems leading to severely psychotic breaks from reality.Read MoreSusan Glaspell s `` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And A Jury Of Her Peers ``2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe fight for equality for minorities dates back to the beginning of mankind. Women, in particular, fight for fairness even in today’s society. This everlas ting battle can be seen in both â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell. Gilman’s story revolves around a woman who has postpartum depression. Her husband, who is also her physician, uses isolation to try and heal his wife’s â€Å"nervous disease.† Glaspell’s story, on the other hand, describesRead MoreA Jury Of Her Peers By Susan Glaspell1674 Words   |  7 Pagescaretakers. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Gilman Illustrates the controlling behavior that men had exercises on their wives, and the lack of freedom women had to make independent decisions. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Susan Glaspell illustrates how men exercised prejudice against women by focusing on the sexist perspective of two men during a lawful investigation which rendered them incapable of understanding what actually occurred. Analyzing the work of writers like Gilman and Glaspell is a powerfulRead MoreWomen s Rights By Susan Glaspell1307 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women’s rights have had less rights then men. In the short story â€Å"Trifles,† written by Susan Glaspell, there is a search for the victim of a murder case and the women are discriminated. In the â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper,† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a woman is in a limited lifestyle were her husband, and has to deal with having less of a say in conversation. Constant communication of feminism throughout the world will allow everyone in the world to realize that equal rights betweenRead MoreComparing ‚Äà ºThe Yellow Wallpaper‚Äà ¹ and ‚Äà ºA Jury of Her Peers‚Äà ¹3135 Words   |  13 Pages Comparing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Many great authors have written stories about the oppression women faced in the past and one was Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the author of the late 19th century short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† She portrays the struggles and hardships that women of that period experienced through brilliant uses of theme, mood, tone, and imagery. Another equally great author that used imagery and events that happened in realRead MoreA Journey into Drama: An Analysis of Setting in Feminist Plays 974 Words   |  4 PagesThe treatment of women in the modern era has come quite far compared to recent history. This is shown in numerous works of art of the feminist age of fiction. In the three works: Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, the setting and the home in which the women are depicted in play a major connecting symbolic role within the feminist plays. The setting of a dilapidated or enclosed home is ever present inRead MoreComparison Of Trifles And The Yellow Wallpaper735 Words   |  3 PagesSignificant Trifles Trifles by Susan Glaspell and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are two bodies of work that follow specific events in women’s lives. These particular conflicts highlight the gap in treatment and understanding between men and women in the earlier twentieth century. Within both stories the authors convey the gender roles expected of them and how they are treated when they are seen as stepping out of those roles by speaking out or acting differently. Trifles showsRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1512 Words   |  7 Pagestheory shows us how patriarchal our society is and that’s how Susan Glaspell’s shows her work in her life time where women only had a few roles. They were to have house chores done, cook, and reproduce. Women in the early twentieth century felt it is time to stand up against patriarchal oppressions and which is why Glaspell’s work critiques the society we live in for restricting women. One of her most famous dramas, â€Å"Trifles†, Glaspell showed the females capability to stand up for one another. GenderRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper2088 Words   |  9 PagesCritical Analysis of Formal Elements in the Short Story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, published in 1899, is a semi-autobiographical short story depicting a young woman’s struggle with depression that is virtually untreated and her subsequent descent into madness. Although the story is centered on the protagonist’s obsessive description of the yellow wallpaper and her neurosis, the story serves a higher purpose as a testament

Theories of Development Free Essays

Theories of Development There are many branches of psychology. The field of human development is divided into five theory groups. The theory groups are Psychodynamic, Cognitive, Systems, Biological and Behavioral. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each theory group has many contributing theorists. Some theories overlap while others are independent. Often theories are credible whereas others cause skepticism. There are many contributors to the world of psychology with different views and beliefs about human development. Psychodynamic Theory Sigmund Freud was one of the most influential contributors to the field of psychology. Freud was born in 1856, in Moravia. In 1881, Freud received a doctorate in medicine. Freud’s main focus of study was neurology; this led him  to begin  concentrating his research on nervous disorders. Freud’s research brought him to his psychoanalytical theory. Freud’s theory suggests that an individual’s unconscious processes or thoughts contribute to one’s personality and influences one’s behavior. Freud’s theory included the concept that personality is composed of three elements: the id (pleasure seeker), the ego (deals with reality), and the superego (one’s sense of right and wrong). Freud also believed that human development consisted of five psychosexual stages: the oral stage (birth-18 months), anal stage (18 months-3 years), phallic stage (3-6 years), latency stage (6-12 years), and the genital stage (12 years and up). The theory included the belief that if one wants to develop a healthy personality, one has to complete all five psychosexual stages successfully. Another great contributor to the Psychodynamic field of psychology is Erik Erickson. Erickson was born in 1902, in Germany. Erickson travelled around Europe and attended the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. Erickson was intrigued by Freud’s theory, however Erickson believed that development occurred throughout one’s lifespan and that one’s personality is shaped consciously from social interactions. Erickson developed the psychosocial theory of personality development. The theory includes eight stages of development: Trust vs. mistrust (birth-12 months), Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (12 months-3 years), Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years), Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years), Ego identity vs. ego diffusion (12-18 years or older), Intimacy vs. solation (18-40 years), Generativity vs. self-absorption (40-65 years), and Integrity vs. despair (65 years and older). According to Craig and Dunn (2010),   Erickson’s theory emphasizes social interactions and argues that a distinct part of each individual is based on the culture in which the individual is raised, depending heavily on the individual’s interactions with  caregivers  during infancy. Social forc es continue to shape personality throughout the lifespan as the individual experiences relationships with others (p. 13). Cognitive Theory The cognitive theory attempts to explain human behavior. This theory of psychology tries to understand the thought process behind one’s personality or behavior. Two of the main cognitive theorists are Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Both theorists have come a long way to help us understand the cognitive theory. The cognitive approach to psychology has shown a lot of advancement from the contributions made by Piaget and Vygotsky. They have set the foundation for other theorists to do more research. Vygotsky and Piaget had similar thoughts on how children learn. Both theorists believed that children learn and think differently than adults and that children learn actively, through hands-on experiences. Piaget suggested that children think differently than adults. He developed this belief from observations and his stage theory of development. He was one of the first theorists to state that children are actively gaining their own knowledge of the world. Piaget often referred to children as â€Å"little scientists†. The reason behind the nickname is Piaget believed that children in free play were conducting their own â€Å"experiments† in the world to gain their own knowledge from it. One way that Piaget believed that children were learning object permanence, was by rolling a ball into the other room and then going to get it. This was the natural way for children to learn from their own â€Å"experiment†. Piaget developed a theory of cognitive development, known as the Development Stage Theory. Piaget’s theory is broken into four stages. Stage one is the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to two years of age. Children use their five senses and movement to experience the world. Children are completely egocentric. Stage two, Preoperational Thought Stage, occurs from 2 years of age to seven years old. They must be able to organize their own thoughts and ideas. The third stage is Concrete operations stage, from seven years old to eleven years old. This stage of thinking becomes organized on a mental plane. The fourth and final stage of Piaget’s theory is formal operations. This stage occurs from age eleven to adulthood. Thinking goes into the realm of purely abstract and hypothetical (Crain, 2011). Vygotsky was a psychologist; his interest was developmental psychology, child development and education. Vygotsky also studied children’s play. Vygotsky was a Marxist; a person that believes that we can understand humans only in the context of the social-historical environment (Crain, 2011, p. 224). Vygotsky presented the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The ZPD is the range in which a child can complete tasks on their own and tasks that they can complete with guidance from adults to assist. The ZPD captures a child’s cognitive level of maturation (Crain, 2011). This method is guidance assistance; the children gain new skills with minimal assistance. This method helps each child develop equally in the classroom. Biologicial Theory Biological Foundations of Human Development influence the course of development throughout an individual’s lifetime. Some developmental processes include growth during the prenatal period, the onset of puberty, and when a person gets their first grey hair. Most development through the lifespan is a result of successive interactions between biology and experience. (Craig Dunn, 2010, p. 4)   There are factors of biological development that considers maturation, ethology, and attachment. Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduced several keys into developmental theory and proposed a biological timetable that included these components. Maturation, a theory created by Gesell, is the development of growth and aging over time and depends heavily on biological processes. The theory states that development has a preordained sequence, that the rates vary but the sequence does not, and depends heavily on the internal make up and the environment. The theory basically suggests that development begins in the womb. The theory continues on to measure the development of a child in the first few years of life. Maturation definitions include reciprocal intervening, functional asymmetry, self-regulation, individuality, proximodistal, ontogeny/phylogeny, patterning and others. Ethological theories have major influences on biological development. Ethology is the study of behavior within the evolutionary framework. It is the science of animal behavior and the study of human behavior and social organization from a biological standpoint. The theory states that how a person thinks is passed down genetically. Learning has a small role in this theory. Charles Darwin, who wrote the â€Å"Theory of Evolution†, is included in this theory. Though controversial, Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest and natural selection shows that evolution is a major factor in a person’s development. Evolution is factual and gives people the genetics that create skin color, height, etc. Konrad Lorenz wrote, â€Å"Modern Ethology† and discovered the idea of imprinting. He showed that this is a critical bonding period when animals are born. Animals bond with the first thing they see after they are born, be it their mother or any caregiver. Lorenz studied with Nikolaas Timbergen and they won a Nobel Prize for their work with animal patterns. Ethology includes naturalistic observation, instinctive behavior, and imprinting. Systems Theory Ludwig von Bertalanffy originally proposed general systems theory, in 1928. Bertalanffy was born and grew up in a little town near Vienna. He grew up in a wealthy family and had private tutors. After Bertalanffy’s parents divorced, he found a new example to follow, Paul Kemmerer, a famous biologist. Kemmerer was Bertalanffy’s neighbor. Kemmerer soon became an example for Bertalanffy. Bertalanffy attended the University of Vienna. At this time he had to choose between studying philosophy and science. Bertalanffy chose to become a biologist. Bertalanffy was a professor at many universities. Many early theorists that studied about system’s theory aimed their work and research to find a general system’s theory that would explain all the systems in all of the fields of science. Bertalanffy developed the â€Å"Allgemeine Systemlehre†. The â€Å"Allgemeine Systemlehre† is a German term that means a system that can be applied in a number of fields. He did not like when it translated into â€Å"General Systems Theory†. His idea cut across what is known as the Weltanschauung, or worldview that entails Epistemological (study of nature), ontological (relating to existence), and ethical implications. Systems can be controlled or uncontrolled. Today researchers are still using the studies and findings from Bertalanffy. Other researchers of the system’s theory are Barker, â€Å"Behavior Settings† and Learner who did work on life expectancy and environment and wrote, â€Å"Developmental Systems Theory. † A most recent theory used in social development today is the use of the four stage model of development. It is a major model used in the measurement from birth to adulthood. The four stages are co-dependant (0-8 months), counter dependant (9-36 months), independent (3-6 years), and interdependent (6-29 years). The most current happenings in system’s research include how environmental factors and culture influence adolescent development. The five theory groups of human development have led to many breakthroughs  in psychology. There are many theorists that have contributed to the five theory groups. However, there are also theorists that are considered to be the founders of each group. All of the theories are relative and may help explain human development, including one’s personality or behavior. Works Cited Crain, W. (2011). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Craig, G. J. , Dunn, W. L. (2010). Understanding human development. (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Mike Wade (October 18, 2005) Theories used in Research General System Theories http://www. istheory. yorku. ca/generalsystemstheory. htm   Walonick, David S. (1993) General Systems Theory. http://www. statpac. org/walonick/systems-theory. htm How to cite Theories of Development, Papers